tapaḥ svādhyāya Īśvarapraṇidhānāni kriyāyogaḥ
Austerity, study of the psyche,
profound religious meditation on the Supreme Lord
samādhi bhāvanārthaḥ kleśa tanūkaraṇārthaś ca
It is for the purpose of producing
continuous effortless linkage of the attention
to a higher concentration force and for causing
the reduction of the mental and emotional afflictions.
avidyā asmitā rāga dveṣa abhiniveśaḥ pañca kleśāḥ
The mental and emotional afflictions
are spiritual ignorance, misplaced identity,
emotional attachment, impulsive-emotional disaffection
and the strong focus on mundane existence,
which is due to an instinctive fear of death.
avidyā kṣetram uttareṣāṁ
prasupta tanu vicchina udārāṇām
Spiritual ignorance is the existential environment
for the other afflictions, in their dormant, reduced,
periodic or expanded stages.
anitya aśuci duḥka anātmasu nitya śuci
sukha ātma khyātiḥ avidyā
Spiritual ignorance is exhibited when what is temporary,
impure, distressful and mundane, is identified
as being eternal, pure, joyful and spiritual respectively.
dṛg darśanaśaktyoḥ ekātmatā iva asmitā
Mistaken identity occurs when the supernatural vision
and what is seen through it seems to be identical.
sukha anuśayī rāgaḥ
Craving results from a devoted attachment to happiness
duḥkha anuśayi dveṣaḥ
Impulsive emotional disaffection results
from a devoted attachment to distress.
svarasavāhī viduṣaḥ ’pi tatha rūḍho ‘bhiniveśaḥ
As it is, the strong focus on mundane existence,
which is due to the instinctive fear of death,
and which is sustained by its own potencies,
which operates for self preservation,
is developed even in the wise man.
te pratiprasavaheyāḥ sūkṣmāḥ
These subtle motivations are to be abandoned
by reverting their expressions backwards.
dhyānaheyāḥ tadvṛttayaḥ
Their vibrational modes are to be abandoned or ceased
by the effortless linkage of the attention
to a higher concentration force or person.
kleśamūlaḥ karmāśayaḥ dṛṣṭa adṛṣṭa janma vedanīyaḥ
The psychological storage of the impressions
left by performance of cultural activities
which is itself the cause of the mental
and emotional distress, is experienced
in realized and non-realized births.
sati mūle tadvipākaḥ jāti āyuḥ bhogāḥ
In the case aforementioned, there exists the resulting effects
which manifest as a particular species of life
with certain duration of body and type of experiences
gained in that form.
te hlāda paritāpa phalāḥ puṇya apuṇya hetutvāt
They produce happiness and distress as results,
on the basis of merit and demerits.
pariṇāma tāpa saṁskāra duḥkaiḥ guṇavṛtti
virodhāt ca duḥkham eva sarvaṁ vivekinaḥ
The discriminating person knows
that all conditions are distressful
because of circumstantial changes, strenuous endeavor, impulsive motivations, clashing aspects
and the vibrational modes of the mento-emotional energy.
heyaṁ duḥkham anāgatam
Distress which is not manifested is to be avoided.
draṣṭṛdṛśyayoḥ saṁyogo heyahetuḥ
The cause which is to be avoided is the indiscriminate
association of the observer and what is perceived.
prakāśa kriyā sthiti śīlaṁ bhūtendriyātmakaṁ bhogāpavargārthaṁ dṛśyam
What is perceived is of the nature
of the mundane elements and the sense organs
and is formed in clear perception, action or stability.
Its purpose is to give experience or to allow liberation.
viśeṣa aviśeṣa liṅgamātra aliṅgāni guṇaparvāṇi
The phases of the influences of material nature
are those which are specific, regular, indicated or not indicated.
draṣṭā dṛśimātraḥ śuddhaḥ api pratyayānupaśyaḥ
The perceiver is the pure extent of his consciousness
but his conviction is patterned by what is perceived.
tadarthaḥ eva dṛśyasya ātma
The individual spirit who is involved in what is seen,
exists here for that purpose only.
kṛtārthaṁ prati naṣṭam api
anaṣṭaṁ tadanya sādhāraṇatvāt
It is not effective for one to whom its purpose is fulfilled
but it has a common effect on the others.
sva svāmiśaktyoḥ svarūpa upalabdhi hetuḥ saṁyogaḥ
There is a reason for the conjunction of the individual self
and his psychological energies. It is for obtaining
the experience of his own form.
tasya hetuḥ avidyā
The cause of the conjunction is spiritual ignorance.
tad abhāvāt saṁyogā abhāvaḥ hānaṁ taddṛśeḥ kaivalyam
The elimination of the conjunction which results
from the elimination of that spiritual ignorance
is the withdrawal that is the total separation
of the perceiver from the mundane psychology.
vivekakhyātiḥ aviplavā hānopāyaḥ
The method for avoiding that spiritual ignorance
is the establishment of continuous discriminative insight.
tasya saptadhā prāntabhūmiḥ prajñā
Concerning the development of his discriminative insight,
there are seven stages.
yogā ṅgānuṣṭhānāt aśuddhikṣaye
jñānadīptiḥ āvivekakhyāteḥ
From the consistent practice of the parts of the yoga process,
on the elimination of the impurity,
the radiant organ of perception becomes manifest,
until there is steady discriminative insight.
yama niyama āsana prāṇāyāma pratyāhāra
dhāraṇā dhyāna samādhayaḥ aṣṭau aṅgāni
Moral restrains, recommended behaviors, body posture,
breath enrichment, sensual energy withdrawal,
linking of the attention to higher concentration forces or persons, effortless linkage of the attention
to higher concentration forces or persons,
continuous effortless linkage of the attention
to higher concentration forces or persons,
are the eight parts of the yoga system.
ahiṁsā satya asteya brahmacarya aparigrahāḥ yamāḥ
Non-violence, realism, non-stealing, sexual non-expressiveness
which results in the perception of spirituality (brahman)
and non-possessiveness, are the moral restraints.
jāti deśa kāla samaya anavacchinnāḥ
sārvabhaumāḥ mahāvratam
Those moral restraints are not to be adjusted
by the status, location, time and condition.
They are related to all stages of yoga, being the great commitment.
śauca saṅtoṣa tapaḥ svādhyāya īśvarapraṇidhānāni niyamāḥ
Purification, contentment, austerity
and profound religious meditation on the Supreme Lord
are the recommended behaviors.
vitarkabādhane pratipakṣabhāvanam
In the case of the annoyance produced by doubts,
one should conceive of what is opposite.
vitarkaḥ hiṁsādayaḥ kṛta kārita anumoditāḥ lobha krodha moha pūrvakaḥ mṛdu madhya adhimātraḥ duḥkha ajñāna anantaphalāḥ iti pratipakṣabhāvanam
Doubts which produce violence and related actions,
which are performed, caused to be done or endorsed,
and which are caused by greed, anger and delusion,
even if minor, mediocre or substantial,
cause endless distress and spiritual ignorance as the results. Therefore, one should consider the opposite features.
ahiṁsāpratiṣṭhāyāṁ tatsannidhau vairatyāgaḥ
On being firmly established in non-violence,
the abandonment of hostility occurs in his presence.
satyapratiṣṭhāyāṁ kriyāphalāśrayatvam
On being established in realism,
his actions serve as a basis for results.
asteyapratiṣṭhāyāṁ sarvaratnopasthānam
On being firmly established in non-sealing,
all precious things wait to serve a yogin.
brahmacaryapratiṣṭhāyāṁ vīryalābhaḥ
On being firmly established in the sexual non-expressiveness, which results in the perception of spirituality, vigor is gained.
aparigrahasthairye janmakathaṁtā saṁbodhaḥ
In being consistent in non possessiveness, there is manifested
the reason and the correct perception regarding one’s birth.
śaucāt svāṅgajugupsā paraiḥ asaṁsargaḥ
From purification comes a disgust for one’s own body
and a lack of desire to associate with others.
sattvaśuddhi saumanasya ekāgra indriyajaya
ātmadarśana yogyatvāni ca
Purification of the psyche results in benevolence,
the ability to link the attention to one concentration force
or person, conquest of the sensual energy, vision of the spirit
and fitness for abstract meditation.
saṅtoṣāt anuttamaḥ sukhalābhaḥ
From contentment, the very best in happiness is obtained.
kāya indriya siddhiḥ aśuddhikṣayāt tapasaḥ
Austerity, resulting in the elimination of impurity
produces perfection of the body and sensual energy.
svādhyāyāt iṣṭadevatā saṁprayogaḥ
From study of the psyche, comes intimate contact
with the cherished divine being.
samādhisiddhiḥ īśvarapraṇidhānāt
From the profound religious meditation
upon the Supreme Lord comes the perfection
of continuous effortless linkage of the attention to that Divinity.
sthira sukham āsanam
The posture should be steady and comfortable.
prayatna śaithilya ananta samāpattibhyām
It results in relaxation of effort and the meeting with the infinite.
tataḥ dvandvāḥ anabhighātaḥ
From then on, there are no botherations
from the dualities like happiness and distress, heat and cold.
tasmin satiśvāsa praśvāsayoḥ gativicchedaḥ prāṇāyāmaḥ
Once this is accomplished, breath regulation,
which is the separation of the flow of inhalation and exhalation,
is attained.
bāhya ābhyantara stambha vṛttiḥ deśa kāla
saṁkhyābhiḥ paridṛṣṭah dīrgha sūkṣmaḥ
It has internal, external and restrictive operations,
which are regulated according to the place, time
and accounting, being prolonged or hardly noticed.
bāhya ābhyantara viṣaya ākṣepī caturthaḥ
That which transcends
the objective external and internal breath regulation
is the fourth type of pranayama.
tataḥ kṣīyate prakāśa āvaraṇam
From that is dissipated, the mental darkness which veils the light,
dhāraṇāsu ca yogyatā manasaḥ
... and from that, is attained the state of the mind
for linking the attention
to a higher concentration force or person.
svaviṣaya asaṁprayoge cittasya svarūpāanukāraḥ
iva indriyāṇāṁ pratyāhāraḥ
The withdrawal of the senses is as it were,
their assumption of the form of mento-emotional energy
when not contacting their own objects of perception.
tataḥ paramā vaśyatā indriyāṇām
From that accomplishment, comes the highest degree
of control of the senses.
